Every attempt has been made to replicate the original book as printed. Some typographical errors have been corrected. (see list following the text.) No attempt has been made to correct or normalize the printed accentuation of names or words. (etext transcriber’s note) [Illustration: ON THE CHAMPS ÉLYSÉES.] OLD AND NEW PARIS Its History, its People, and its Places BY H. SUTHERLAND EDWARDS AUTHOR OF “IDOLS OF THE FRENCH STAGE” “THE GERMANS IN FRANCE” “THE RUSSIANS AT HOME” ETC. ETC. VOL. II _WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS_ CASSELL AND COMPANY LIMITED _LONDON PARIS & MELBOURNE_ 1894 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. STREET CHARACTERS. PAGE The “Cocher”--The Bus-driver--The Private Coachman--The Hackney Coachman--The Public Writer--The Flower-girl--The Oyster-woman.....1 CHAPTER II. THE ENGLISH AND AMERICANS IN PARIS. The Englishman Abroad--M. Lemoinne’s Analysis--The Englishwoman--Sunday in London and in Paris--Americans in Paris--The American Girl.....9 CHAPTER III MORE PARISIAN TYPES. The Spy--Under Sartines and Berryer--Fouché--Delavau--The Present System--The Écuyère--The Circus in Paris.....17 CHAPTER IV. THE DOMESTIC. The French Servant, as described by Léon Gozlan and by Mercier--The Cook and the Cordon Bleu--The Valet.....20 CHAPTER V. PARISIAN CHARACTERISTICS. Parisian Characteristics--Gaiety, Flippancy Wit--A String of Favourite Anecdotes.....24 CHAPTER VI. THE STREETS. The Arrangement of the Streets--System of Numbering the Houses--Street Nomenclature--Street Lamps--The Various Kinds of Vehicles in Use.....28 CHAPTER VII. THE SEINE AND ITS BRIDGES.--THE MORGUE. The Various Bridges over the Seine--Their Histories--The Morgue--Some Statistics.....33 CHAPTER VIII. THE REFORMATION IN PARIS. D’Étaples, the Pioneer of the Reformation--Nicolas Cop and Calvin--Progress of the Reformation--Persecutions--Catharine de Médicis--St. Bartholomew’s--The Edict of Nantes.....36 CHAPTER IX. THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS AND THE COLLEGE OF FRANCE. The French Educational System--Lycées and Collèges--The University of Paris--The College of France.....44 CHAPTER X. THE SORBONNE. Robert de Sorbonne--The Sorbonne, its Origin and History--Richelieu--The Revolution--The New Sorbonne--Mercier’s Views.....49 CHAPTER XI. THE INSTITUTE. The Institute--Its Unique Character--The Objects of its Projectors--Its Constitution.....53 CHAPTER XII. THE ACADÉMIE FRANÇAISE. The Académie Française--Its Foundation by Richelieu--Its Constitution--The “Forty-first Chair”.....55 CHAPTER XIII. THE PANTHÉON. The Church of Clovis--The Church of Sainte-Geneviève--France in the Thirteenth Century--The Building of the New Church under Louis XV.--Mirabeau and the Constituent Assembly--The Church of Sainte-Geneviève becomes the Panthéon......59 CHAPTER XIV. THE POLYTECHNIC SCHOOL. The “Central School of Public Works”--Bonaparte and the Polytechnic--The College of Navarre--Formal Inauguration in 1805--1816--1830.....67 CHAPTER XV. THE HÔTEL CLUNY. The Rue des Carmes--Comte de Mun and the Catholic Workmen’s Club--The Place Maubert--The Palais des Thermes--The Hôtel Cluny--Its History--Its Art Treasures.....71 CHAPTER XVI. THE MUSÉE D’ARTILLERIE. The Museum of Artillery--Its Origin and History--The Growth of its Collection of Armour and Weapons of all Kinds.....83 CHAPTER XVII. THE VAL DE GRÂCE--RELICS OF THE GREAT. The Deaf and Dumb Institution--The Val de Grâce--Hearts as Relics--Royal Funerals--The Church of Saint-Denis.....89 CHAPTER XVIII. THE CATACOMBS: THE OBSERVATORY. Origin of the Catacombs--The Quarries of Mont Souris--The Observatory--Marshal Ney--The School of Medicine.....99 CHAPTER XIX. THE ODÉON: THE LUXEMBURG PALACE. The Odéon--Its History--Erection of the Present Building in 1799--Marie de Médicis and the Luxemburg Palace--The Judicial Annals of the Luxemburg--Trials of Fieschi and Louvel--Trial of Louis Napoleon--Trial of the Duc de Praslin.....109 CHAPTER XX. THE PRISONS OF PARIS. La Santé--La Roquette--The Conciergerie--The Mazas--Sainte-Pélagie--Saint-Lazare--Prison Regulations.....131 CHAPTER XXI. THE PARIS ZOO. The Jardin des Plantes--Its Origin and History--Under Buffon--The Museum of Natural History--The Tobacco Factory.....147 CHAPTER XXII. SOME HISTORICAL BUILDINGS. Abailard and Héloise--Fulbert’s House in the Rue des Chantres--The Philip Augustus Towers--The Hôtel Barbette--The Hôtel de Sens.....156 CHAPTER XXIII. THE MONT-DE-PIÉTÉ. “Uncle” and “Aunt”--Organisation of the Mont-de-Piété--Its Various Branches--Its Warehouses and Sale-rooms.....160 CHAPTER XXIV. PARIS MARKETS. The Halles-Centrales--The Cattle Markets--Agriculture in France--The French Peasant.....166 CHAPTER XXV. SAINT-GERMAIN-DES-PRÉS. Its Origin and History--Its Library--Its Organ--Saint-Sulpice.....170 CHAPTER XXVI. PRINTING IN PARIS--THE CENSORSHIP. Rue Visconti--Historical Buildings--The National School of Roads and Bridges--The...